Published March 30, 2008
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Memphis garbage trucks remained silent and unmanned Feb. 12, 1968 - the first day of the sanitation strike. BARNEY SELLERS / UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS LIBRARIES

The strike begins, with 930 of 1,100 sanitation workers and 214 of 230 sewer and drainage workers not showing up for work. Their acions were prompted by the deaths of sanitation workers Echol Cole and Robert Walker Feb. 1, 1968. Both had climbed into the back of a garbage truck to get out of the rain when they were crushed by a hydraulic ram that started up on its own.

Officials from the American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) come to Tennessee to lead negotiations with the newly elected Mayor Henry Loeb. The mayor declares the strike illegal and refuses to negotiate.


About 800 strikers took their message to the streets Feb. 13, 1968., marching more than three miles to City Hall. BARNEY SELLERS / THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

Video - Mayor Loeb on the strike

COURTESY OF WHBQ-TV/FOX13 MEMPHIS

Police, brandishing rifles, use their vehicles to force marchers back toward the sidewalk. Strikers say a police car ran over the foot of a woman. The men react by turning the car over on its side. The strike explodes into violence. Marchers are beaten with nightsticks or sprayed with Mace.

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Police sprayed Mace into the faces of marchers. The protesters, some blind from the chemical, dispersed in confusion. COURTESY OF THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

Video - Violence erupts

COURTESY OF WMC-TV/MEMPHIS
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. arrives in Memphis and gives a speech to thousands in Mason Temple Church. In the speech, he suggests they should mobilize a work stoppage.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to an overflow crowd at Mason Temple Church March 18, 1968. VERNON MATTHEWS / THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

Video - King joins the struggle

COURTESY OF WMC-TV/MEMPHIS

The march begins with King and his ministerial allies in the lead, flanked by sanitation workers. But it turns violent when members of the Invaders began to break storefront windows and looters take advantage of the situation. Fearful for King's safety, his men sweep him away. Police disperse the marchers with teargas. National Guard troops are called in and seal off black neighborhoods. Martial law is declared by nightfall. More than 60 were injured and one person was killed.

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The 'I Am A Man' signs distributed at the March 28, 1968, march came to symbolize the strike effort. COPYRIGHT RICHARD L. COPLEY

Video - National Guard called in

COURTESY OF WHBQ-TV/FOX13 MEMPHIS

The National Guard patrol the city in armored personnel carriers equipped with 50-caliber machine guns.

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An armed National Guardsman stands watch along debris-littered Beale Street on March 29, 1968. SAM PARRISH / UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS LIBRARIES

Video - King holds a press conference

COURTESY OF WHBQ-TV/FOX13 MEMPHIS
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King returns to Memphis and gives his last public speech at Mason Temple Church.

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Jesse Jackson sits next to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at King's last public speech April 3, 1968. KEN ROSS / UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS LIBRARIES

Video - King's final speech

COURTESY OF WMC-TV/MEMPHIS

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Bystanders on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel point in the direction of gun shots after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who is lying at their feet. JOSEPH LOUW / GETTY IMAGES

Standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel at 6:01 p.m., King is shot to death by a sniper. The bullet came from James Earl Ray, who shot the fatal bullet from a rooming house 207 feet away. He was later caught and pled guilty, receiving a 99 year sentence.

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More than 300 mourners pay tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at R.S. Lewis & Sons Funeral Home April 5, 1968. JIM MCKNIGHT / THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

Mourners pay tribute to King at R.S. Lewis & Sons Funeral Home. His body is later transported to Memphis Metropolitan Airport where his family awaits to take him home to Atlanta.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s widow, Coretta Scott King, and three of the couple's four children lead a memorial march through downtown Memphis April 8, 1968. COURTESY OF THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

King's widow, Coretta Scott King, leads a memorial march in downtown Memphis. Civil rights and union leaders are among the estimated 19,000 people in attendance.

Video - End of the strike

COURTESY OF WMC-TV/MEMPHIS

The strike is settled. The city recognizes the union and the workers get a raise of 10 cents an hour, with another nickel an hour hike to take effect in September. The city agrees to make promotions on the basis of seniority and competence - not race. The workers also win the right to have union dues automatically deducted from their paychecks.